{"id":3542,"date":"2024-02-02T21:31:16","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T12:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/?p=3542"},"modified":"2024-03-15T17:06:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T08:06:06","slug":"algorithmic-foundations-3-differential-privacy-promises","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/2024\/02\/algorithmic-foundations-3-differential-privacy-promises\/","title":{"rendered":"[Algorithmic Foundations] #3. differential privacy promises"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Definition 2.4<\/mark>\u00a0(Differential Privacy)<br>Pr[M(x)\u2208S]\u2264exp(\u03b5)Pr[M(y)\u2208S]+\u03b4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-1024x222.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3836\" width=\"512\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-1024x222.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-300x65.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3-768x167.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/image-3.png 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; in detail:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/2024\/01\/foundation-differential-privacy-definition\/\">https:\/\/saraheee.com\/2024\/01\/foundation-differential-privacy-definition\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3.1 What differential privacy promises<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>An Economic View. \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c additional harm\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uac1c\uc778\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>why? database x\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, data\uac00 x\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>differentially private mechanism M\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc778 M(x)\uac00 \uacf5\uac1c\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc744 \uc218\ub294 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec \uc120\ud0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud53c\ud574\uc758 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>why? \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud53c\ud574\uc758 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<br>why? \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<br>how? \u03b5-differential privacy \ubcf4\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubbf8\ub798 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uac00 exp(\u03b5) \u2248 (1+\u03b5)\ub97c \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\u03b5\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc791\uc744 \ub54c, 0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b8 \ub54c \uc801\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uadfc\uc0ac, \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uac00 \uadf8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub9ce\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(u_i: A \\rightarrow \\mathbb{R}_{\\geq 0}\\) \uac1c\uc778 i\uc758 \ud6a8\uc6a9 \ud568\uc218, \ud2b9\uc815 \uacb0\uacfc\ub098 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bb\ub294 \ub9cc\uc871\uc774\ub098 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654<br>\\(x \\in \\mathbb{N}^{|X|}\\): \uac1c\uc778 i\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 private data\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b<br>M: \u03b5-\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<br>y: i\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0 x\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b (in particular, \\(\\parallel x-y \\parallel_1 = 1\\))<br>f: Range(M) \u2192\u2206(A): M\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubbf8\ub798 \uc0ac\uac74 A\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(\\mathbb{E}_{a \\sim f(M(x))}[u_i(a)] = \\sum_{a \\in A}u_i(a) \\cdot Pr_{f(M(x))}[a] \\\\ \\leq \\sum_{a \\in A}u_i(a) \\cdot exp(\\epsilon) Pr_{f(M(y))}[a] \\\\ = exp(\\epsilon) \\mathbb{E}_{a \\sim f(M(y))}[u_i(a)]\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(\\mathbb{E}_{a \\sim f(M(x))}[u_i(a)] \\geq exp(-\\epsilon) \\mathbb{E}_{a \\sim f(M(y))}[u_i(a)]\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac1c\uc778 i\uac00 \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4(A\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uc9d1\ud569)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc784\uc758\uc758 \uc120\ud638\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc74c<br>\\(\\mathbb{E}\\): \uae30\ub300\uac12(\ud655\ub960\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560), \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uc2a4\ud134\uc2a4(\uc0ac\ub840)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc608\uc0c1 \uac12<br>a ~ f(M(x)): dataset x\uc5d0 \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 M\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0 \ud568\uc218 f\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9, \uc774 \uc815\uc758\ub41c \ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0\uc11c a\uac00 \ucd94\ucd9c\ub428<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uac01 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc a\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778 i\uac00 \uae30\ub300\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0 \ud6a8\uc6a9 \ub610\ub294 \uc774\uc775<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>set A\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc a\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac1c\uc778 i\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300 \ud6a8\uc6a9 \\(u_i(a)\\)\uc744 \ud655\ub960\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ud568<br>\ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac01 \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \\(Pr_{f(M(x))[a]}\\) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(Pr_{f(M(x))}[a]\\): \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74 a\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \\(u_i(a)\\)\uc640 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>x\uc5d0\uc11c M\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \uc608\uc0c1 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\ub294 y\uc5d0\uc11c M\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc608\uc0c1 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc758 exp(\u03b5)\ubc30 \uc774\uc0c1<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc784<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 M\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0 \ud568\uc218 f\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc a\uac00 \ucd9c\ub825\ub420 \ub54c \uac1c\ubcc4 i\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc608\uc0c1 \ud6a8\uc6a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03b5-differential privacy\uc758 \ubcf4\uc7a5\uc744 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc608\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0\uac00 exp(\u03b5) \u2248 (1+\u03b5) \uc694\uc778 \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3.2 What differential privacy does not promise<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Smoking Causes Cancer: &#8216;\ud761\uc5f0\uc774 \uc554\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud55c\ub2e4&#8217;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacb0\ub860\uc740, \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc704\ubc18\uc758 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc124\ubb38 \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud655\ub960\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.(\uc751\ub2f5\uc790\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\ud558\uac8c \uac70\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud655\ub960\ub85c \uad00\ucc30\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qualitative Properties of Differential Privacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Protection against arbitrary risks. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc7ac\uc2dd\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc784\uc758\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638<br>\ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc744 \uc7ac\uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ub178\ucd9c\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc784\uc758\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638\ud568\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc989, \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc774 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc608\uc0c1\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \ud574\ub97c \uc785\ud790 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[\ub2e4\ub978 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4]<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\ubc29\ubc95<\/td><td>\uc124\uba85<\/td><td>\uc608\uc2dc<\/td><td>DP \ube44\uad50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc775\uba85\ud654(Anonymization)<\/td><td>\uc2dd\ubcc4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubcc0\ud615<\/td><td>\uc774\ub984, \uc8fc\uc18c<\/td><td>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc7a1\uc74c \ucd94\uac00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ucd1d\uacc4\ud654(Aggregation)<\/td><td>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc9d1\uacc4\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638<\/td><td>\ud3c9\uade0, \uc911\uc559\uac12<\/td><td>\uac1c\ubcc4 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Perturbative Privacy<\/td><td>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uc784\uc758\uc758 \uc7a1\uc74c \ucd94\uac00<br>&#8211; \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0<\/td><td><\/td><td>\uc7a1\uc74c\uc758 \uc591\uc744 \uc815\ub7c9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc808<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data Masking<\/td><td>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uac12\uc744 \uac00\ub824\uc11c \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc744 \uc228\uae40<br>&#8211; \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub098, \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uac00 \ub9c8\uc2a4\ud0b9\ub41c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc6b0\ud68c\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc74c<br>&#8211; \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c<\/td><td><\/td><td>\uc7a1\uc74c\uc744 \ucd94\uac00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uac00\uba85 \ucc98\ub9ac(Pseudonymization)<\/td><td>\uc2dd\ubcc4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uba85(\ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790\ub85c \ub300\uccb4)\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ubcf8 \uc2dd\ubcc4\uc790\uc640\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \ub04a\uc74c<br>&#8211; \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud0a4\ub97c \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud568<\/td><td><\/td><td>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc7a1\uc74c \ucd94\uac00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Automatic neutralization of linkage attacks. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uacfc\uac70, \ud604\uc7ac \ubc0f \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uacfc \uae30\ud0c0 \ud615\ud0dc \ubc0f \ubcf4\uc870 \uc815\ubcf4 \uc18c\uc2a4\ub85c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub41c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc5f0\uacc4 \uacf5\uaca9\uc758 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc911\ub9bd\ud654<br>\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uacfc \ubcf4\uc870 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uac1c\uc778\uc744 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc5f0\uacb0 \uacf5\uaca9(linkage attacks)\uc5d0 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c, \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc774\ub098 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud2b9\uc815 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\ub428\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>how? \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a1\uc74c\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[\ub2e4\ub978 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638 \uae30\uc220\ub4e4]<\/mark><br>1) k-anonymity: \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac1c\uc778\ub3c4 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 k-1\uba85\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac1c\uc778\uacfc \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc775\uba85\ud654 \uae30\ubc95, \uac1c\uc778\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc18d\uc131(\uc608: \uc774\ub984, \uc8fc\uc18c)\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; advantages: \uc7ac\uc2dd\ubcc4 \uc704\ud5d8 \uac10\uc18c, \uad6c\ud604\uc774 \uc6a9\uc774<br>&#8211; disadvantages: \ub3d9\uc9c8\uc131 \uacf5\uaca9\uc774\ub098 \ubc30\uacbd \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uacf5\uaca9<br>2) l-diversity: \uc775\uba85\ud654\ub41c \uadf8\ub8f9 \ub0b4\uc758 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc18d\uc131\uc774 \ucd5c\uc18c l\uac1c\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac12\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 k-\uc775\uba85\uc131\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5 \uae30\ubc95<br>&#8211; advantages: \ub3d9\uc9c8\uc131 \uacf5\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638, \ubbfc\uac10 \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131 \ubcf4\uc7a5<br>&#8211; disadvantages: \uad6c\ud604 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ub3c4 \uc99d\uac00<br>3) t-closeness: \uc775\uba85\ud654\ub41c \uadf8\ub8f9 \ub0b4\uc758 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc18d\uc131\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b \ub0b4\uc758 \ud574\ub2f9 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc640 t \uc774\ub0b4\ub85c \uadfc\uc811\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95<br>&#8211; advantages: \ubbfc\uac10 \uc18d\uc131\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec \uc65c\uace1 \uac10\uc18c<br>&#8211; disadv: \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uacc4\uc0b0 \ube44\uc6a9 \uc99d\uac00, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131 \uac10\uc18c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Quantification of privacy loss. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uc774\uc9c4 \uac1c\ub150(binary concept)\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc190\uc2e4\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\uc220 \uac04\uc758 \ube44\uad50\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4.<br>\uc608: \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc190\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud55c\uacc4\uac00 \uace0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uc815\ud655\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>\ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\uac00 \uace0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c(for a fixed accuracy), \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[the others]<\/mark><br>1) \ucd5c\uc18c \uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c(Min-Entropy): \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131 \ub610\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc704\uc131\uc744 \uce21\uc815<br>\uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c\uac00 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b \uac04\uc758 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc5ec \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>2) \uc0c1\ud638 \uc815\ubcf4\ub7c9(Mutual Information): \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uacfc \uc775\uba85\ud654\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b \uac04 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc591\uc744 \uce21\uc815<br>\uc0c1\ud638 \uc815\ubcf4\ub7c9\uc774 \ub0ae\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Composition. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc870\ud569\uc131, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacc4\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub204\uc801\ub41c \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc190\uc2e4\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d\uacfc \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc190\uc2e4\uc758 \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacc4\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ub204\uc801\ub41c \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc900\ub2e4.<br>\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \uc870\ud569 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub354 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ube4c\ub529 \ube14\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[the others]<\/mark><br>1) Sequential Composition<br>\uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc28\ub840\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uc21c\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c8 \ub54c, \uac01 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ud569\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uccb4 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0<br>\uc608: \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac01 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 <em>\u03b5<\/em> \uac12\uc744 \ub354\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc804\uccb4 \uc791\uc5c5\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ucd94\uc815<br>2) Parallel Composition<br>\uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc9d1\ud569\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0, \uc804\uccb4 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4.<br>\uc608: \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc11c\ube0c\ub137\uc5d0 \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c, \uc804\uccb4 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 <em>\u03b5<\/em> \uac12\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815<br>3) Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC)<br>\uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\uac00 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ube44\ubc00 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uacf5\uac1c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uacc4\uc0b0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud559\uc801 \uae30\ubc95<br>\ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4 \uac01 \uc785\ub825 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc554\ud638\ud654, \uc554\ud638\ud654\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc218\ud589 \ubc0f \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub9cc\uc744 \uacf5\uc720<br>\uc608: \ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub098 \uae30\uacc4 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud568<br>\ubc29\ubc95: \ud3c9\uade0 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ubcf8\uc778\uc758 \uae09\uc5ec\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uc218\uce58\ub97c n\uac1c\ub85c \ub098\ub220 n\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uac01\uac01 \uc804\ub2ec, \uc804\uccb4 (n\uac1c\uc758 \uac12)^2\/n \ud558\uc5ec \ud3c9\uade0 \uae09\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0<br>4) Homomorphic Encryption (HE)<br>\uc554\ud638\ud654\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc9c1\uc811 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654 \uae30\ubc95, \ubcf5\ud638\ud654\ud558\uba74 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uac19\uc74c<br>\uc608: \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ub204\uc801\ub41c \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub428<br>\ubc29\ubc95: \uac00\uc0b0\uc801 \ub3d9\ud615\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ub450 \uc554\ud638\ubb38\uc744 \ub354\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf5\ud638\ud654\ud558\uba74 \ub450 \uc6d0\ub798 \ud3c9\ubb38\uc744 \ub354\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uac12\uc744 \uac00\uc9d0<br>&#8211; D(E(a) \u2295 E(b)) = a + b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Group Privacy. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub8f9\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc900\ub2e4. (such as families)<br><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[another]<\/mark><br>1) \uc5f0\ud569 \ud559\uc2b5(Federated Learning): \uba38\uc2e0\ub7ec\ub2dd \uc5f0\ud569 \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \ub85c\uceec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0d8\ud50c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubd84\uc0b0\ub41c \uc7a5\uce58\ub098 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud568<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uad50\ud658\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ubaa8\ub378 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8\ub798\ub514\uc5b8\ud2b8\ub9cc\uc744 \uc9d1\uacc4\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud568<br>\ubd84\uc0b0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Closure Under Post-Processing. <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub294 \uac1c\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc5c6\uc774 \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 M\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub35c \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubcf4\uc870 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub098 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub098 \ucc98\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638 \uc218\uc900\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc545\ud654\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc608: \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc5bb\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uce21 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud6c4\ucc98\ub9ac \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ub85c \ub178\ucd9c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc7a1\uc74c\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uace0, \ud6c4\ucc98\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc7a1\uc74c\uc774 \ucd94\uac00\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ub178\ucd9c\ub420 \uc704\ud5d8\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<br><mark style=\"background-color:var(--global-color-10)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">[the others]<\/mark><br>1) \uc81c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc99d\uba85(Zero-Knowledge Proofs): \ud55c \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc9c4\uc220\uc774 \ucc38\uc784\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc554\ud638\ud654 \uae30\uc220<br>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ucd94\uac00 \uc815\ubcf4\ub3c4 \uacf5\uac1c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ud6c4\ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcf4\uc7a5<br>2) \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\uc874 \ud559\uc2b5(Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning): \uba38\uc2e0\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud6c8\ub828\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uac1c\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95, \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcf4\uc7a5<br>3) \ube14\ub85d\uccb4\uc778\uacfc \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub799\ud2b8(Blockchain and Smart Contracts): \ube14\ub85d\uccb4\uc778 \uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8 \ucee8\ud2b8\ub799\ud2b8\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud55c \ubc88 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub41c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc218\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3.3 Final remarks on the definition<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Granularity of Privacy.<\/strong> <br>\ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uc758 \uc138\ubc00\ud568, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub2e8\uc704(\ub2e8\uc77c \ud56d\ubaa9)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc815\uc758(\uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294\uc9c0)<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? (But what constitutes a single entry in the database?) \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc758 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc18\uc751\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) \uc815\uc810(vertex) &#8211; \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c \ud56d\ubaa9<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc218\uc815\uc774 \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub2e8\uc704<br>&#8211; \uc815\uc810 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc138\ubc00\ud568: \ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc810\uc758 \ucd94\uac00 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ad\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub454\uac10\ud574\uc57c \ud568<br>\uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\uc77c \uc815\uc810\uc758 \ucd94\uac00\ub098 \uc81c\uac70\uac00 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ub300 n\uac1c\uc758 \uc5e3\uc9c0\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc81c\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c<br>+ \ub2e8\uc77c \uc815\uc810\uc758 \ucd94\uac00\ub098 \uc81c\uac70\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc5e3\uc9c0\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc218\uac00 n\uc784\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uac00 n\uac1c\uc758 \uc815\uc810\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uc810\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd5c\ub300 n\uac1c\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5e3\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) \uac04\uc120(edge) &#8211; \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4<br>\uac01 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc815\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uace0, \uac1c\uc778 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uac04\uc120(edge)\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8<br>&#8211; \uac04\uc120 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc138\ubc00\ud568: \ub2e8\uc77c \uc5e3\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u03f5-\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub294 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c 1\/\u03f5 \uac04\uc120\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<br>+ \u03f5 = 0.01\uc774\ub77c\uba74, \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc5e3\uc9c0 \uc9d1\ud569\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba70, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ub0b4 100\uac1c\uc758 \uc5e3\uc9c0(1\/0.01 = 100) \uc911 \uc5b4\ub290 \uac83\ub3c4 \ud2b9\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc5f0\ub77d\ucc98 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc6a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc138\ubd84\ud654 \uc218\uc900 \ud655\uc778, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc774 \uc218\uc815\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ubcc0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83<br>(e.g., \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 &#8211; \uc18c\uc15c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub808\ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c,<br>(1) \uac01 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud55c \uc815\uc810(vertex), (2) \uac1c\uc778 \uac04\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc5e3\uc9c0(edge)\ub85c \ud45c\ud604<br>&#8211; \uac01 \uac1c\uc778 i \u2208 [n]\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub428)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>All Small Epsilons Are Alike.<\/strong> <br>\u03b5\uac00 \uc791\uc744 \ub54c, (\u03b5, 0)-differential privacy\ub294 \uc778\uc811\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x, y \ubc0f \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ucd9c\ub825 o\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc30d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, adversary\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \uac83\uc774 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc778\uc9c0 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \u03b5 \uac12\uc774 \uc791\ub2e4\uba74 \ube44\ub85d \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \u03b5 \uac12\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\ub294 \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<br>\u03b5\uac00 \uc791\uc744 \ub54c, (\u03b5, 0)-differentially private\uc640 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 (2\u03b5, 0)-differentially private\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, \uc5e1\uc2e4\ub860\uc740 \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc791\uc740 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc18d\uc131\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4.<br>\u03b5\uac00 \ud074 \ub54c, (15, 0)-differentially private\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc774\uc6c3 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc758 \ube44\uc728\uc774 \uac01\uac01 x \ub610\ub294 y\uc778 \ucd9c\ub825 o\uac00 \ud06c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A Few Additional Formalisms. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \ubcf4\uc870 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218 w<\/strong><br>\uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 M\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x \uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc870 \ub9e4\uac1c \ubcc0\uc218 w\ub97c \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>w\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x\uc758 \ucffc\ub9ac \\(q_w\\) \ub610\ub294 \ucffc\ub9ac \\(Q_w\\) \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>M: privacy mechanism, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5 \ub610\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998, \uac1c\ubcc4 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc774 \uacf5\uac1c\ub420 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d \ub610\ub294 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9<br>w: \ubcf4\uc870 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218<br>\\(q_w\\): \ucffc\ub9ac \uc9c0\uc815, \ubcf4\uc870 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218(w)\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4(x)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ub420 \ud2b9\uc815 \ucffc\ub9ac(\\(q_w\\))\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; \\(q_w(x)\\)\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \ub54c w \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ucffc\ub9ac\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5b4, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ub0b4 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>(e.g., \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4, \\(q_w\\): 30\uc138 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc218\ub294 \uba87 \uba85\uc778\uac00?(\uac1c\ubcc4 \ucffc\ub9ac))<br>\\(Q_w\\): \ucffc\ub9ac \uceec\ub809\uc158\uc744 \uc815\uc758(\uc5ec\ub7ec \ucffc\ub9ac)<br>&#8211; \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ucffc\ub9ac \\(q_w\\)\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>(e.g., \ub098\uc774, \uc9c0\uc5ed, \uc9c1\uc5c5 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc218\ub97c \ubb3b\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucffc\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2192 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \u03b4 \u2265 0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, \ubaa8\ub4e0 w, M(w,\u00b7)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 (\u03b5, \u03b4)-differential privacy\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998 M(\u00b7,\u00b7)\uc774 (\u03b5, \u03b4)-differential privacy\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) \ubcf4\uc548 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218 \u03ba \ubc0f \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5 \u03b4<\/strong><br>w\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub9e4\uac1c \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\ub294 \u03b4 = \u03b4(\u03ba)\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc791\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 security parameter \u03ba\uc774\ub2e4.<br><strong>\u03ba<\/strong>: \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548\uc131\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218, \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131 \uc870\uc808<br>&#8211; \u03ba\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uacc4\uc0b0 \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; \ubcf4\uc548\uc131 \ud3c9\uac00: \u03ba\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548\uc131\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4.<br><strong>\u03b4<\/strong>: \u03b5-\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud655\ub960\ub85c \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218<br>(1) \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \ud655\ub960\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5: \u03b4\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \u03b5-\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc5b4\uae30\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud655\ub960\uc758 \uc0c1\ud55c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \u03b5-\ucc28\ub4f1 \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uadf8 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \u03b4 \uc774\ud558\ub85c \ub0ae\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>(2) \ubbf8\uc138 \uc870\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5: \u03b4\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc791\uc740 \uac12\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc774 \uac12\uc740 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 &#8216;\ub108\uadf8\ub7ec\uc6b8&#8217; \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. (\u03b4\uac00 0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b8\uc218\ub85d, \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 \ub354 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.)<br>(3) \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c(negligible) \ud568\uc218: \u03b4\uc758 \uac12\uc740 \ubcf4\uc548 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218 \u03ba\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uace0, \u03ba\uac00 \uc99d\uac00\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \u03b4\ub294 \uae30\ud558\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc5ec, \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc \uc704\ubc18\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uadf9\ud788 \ub0ae\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4.<br><br>M(\u03ba, \u00b7)\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \u03ba\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 (\u03b5, \u03b4(\u03ba))-differentially private\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub17c\ubb38 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \u03b4\uac00 \u03b4 = \\(\u03ba^{\u2212\u03c9(1)}\\)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc77c \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. (\u03b4 = \\(\u03ba^{\u2212\u03c9(1)}\\)\uc5d0\uc11c \u03c9(1)\ub294 \uc810\uadfc\uc801 \ud45c\uae30\ubc95\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9, \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ucc9c\ucc9c\ud788 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uad6d \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0c1\uc218\uac12\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud06c\uac8c \ub418\ub294, \ubb34\ud55c\ub300\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.)<br>&#8211; \u03b4\ub97c \uc554\ud638\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \u03b5\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\ub2f9\ud788 \uc791\uc740 \uc0c1\uc218\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3) \uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc131\uae30<\/strong><br>\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc694\uc57d\ub41c \uc815\ubcf4\ub098 \uac00\uacf5\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc9d1\ud569\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc131\uae30\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9 \uc6d0\ub9ac<br>(1) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc694\uc57d: \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucd94\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131 \uacc4\uc0b0, \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ud569\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub098 \uc694\uc57d \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131<br>(2) \ub178\uc774\uc988 \ucd94\uac00: \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud569\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \ub54c \ub178\uc774\uc988\ub97c \ucd94\uac00<br>(3) \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uc640 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc758 \uade0\ud615: \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub178\uc774\uc988\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uba74 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131 \uc800\ud558<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A: \uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc131\uae30\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825(synopsis generator outputs), \ubd84\uc11d \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac1c\ubcc4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ucc28\ub4f1 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \ud45c\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcf4\ud638\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub41c \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \uc555\ucd95 \ub610\ub294 \ud569\uc131 \ud45c\ud604<br>M: \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998, \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \ub610\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998, \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\ub860\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ucc28\ub4f1 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c, \uc608\uc0b0\uacfc \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638-\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131 \uac04 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub9de\ucda4<br>&#8211; \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c A\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 A\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<br>R: \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 \uc808\ucc28, \ud2b9\uc815 \ucffc\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<br>&#8211; A\uc640 v\ub97c \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544 \uc2e4\uc218 \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc R(A, v)\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2192 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uae30\ubc00\uc131\uc744 \uc190\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \uc758\uc0ac \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud65c\uc6a9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucffc\ub9ac \\(Q_w = \\{q : X^n \u2192 \\mathbb{R}\\}\\)<br>: \\(Q_w\\)\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \\(X^n\\)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc218 \uc9d1\ud569 \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)\ub85c \ub9e4\ud551\ud558\ub294 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<br>\ucffc\ub9ac \\(q_v \\in Q_w\\)\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac01 input v\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 R(A,v) \u2208 \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)\uc744 \ucd9c\ub825\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 \uc808\ucc28 R\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. (e.g., \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc5f0\uc0b0(\uc608: \ud3c9\uade0 \uc5f0\uc0b0)\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc218 \uacb0\uacfc(\uc608: \ud3c9\uade0 \ub098\uc774)\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa8\uc74c)<br>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uc740 \ud655\ub960\ub85c M\uc774 A\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ub2f5\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 A\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc694\uad6c\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989, \ucffc\ub9ac \\(q_v \\in Q_w\\)\uc758 \uc804\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84(\uc77c\ubd80 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac00\uc911\uce58)\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc624\ub958 |R(A, v) \u2212 \\(q_v(x)\\)|\uac00 \uc81c\ud55c\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<br>\ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \ud45c\uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c \ucffc\ub9ac q(\uc77c\ubd80 \ud45c\ud604 v\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc)\ub97c \uc785\ub825\ud558\uace0 R(A, q)\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ucc38\uc870\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4) \ud569\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4(synthetic database)<\/strong><br>\uc2dc\ub189\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc131\uae30\uc758 \ucd9c\ub825<br>\ubd84\uc11d\uac00\uac00 \uc6d0\ub798 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubd84\uc11d(\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\ubc29\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d), \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 \uc808\ucc28 \uc5c6\uc774 R\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\ub294 \uac83<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5) \ubd80\ub3d9 \uc18c\uc218\uc810(floating point) \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc8fc\uc758<\/strong><br>\ub178\uc774\uc988\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \ub54c \ud50c\ub85c\ud305 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 x\uc5d0\uc11c 0\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ucd9c\ub825\uc774 \ubc18\uc62c\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc778\uc811\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 y\uc5d0\uc11c 0\uc758 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud504\ub77c\uc774\ubc84\uc2dc\uac00 \ud30c\uad34\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4 \uc190\uc2e4, \ub204\uc801 \uc624\ucc28, \uc218\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uc131<br>\u2192 \uace0\uc815 \uc18c\uc218\uc810 \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc0ac\uc6a9, \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \uc124\uacc4, \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc11d \uc218\ud589<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cynthia Dwork and Aaron Roth, The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy, 2.3.1. What differential privacy promises<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cynthia Dwork and Aaron Roth, The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy, 2.3.2. What differential privacy does not promise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cynthia Dwork and Aaron Roth, The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy, 2.3.3. Final remarks on the definition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I discuss whether differential privacy can be free from harm and its security.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[154],"tags":[155,173,172,178],"class_list":["post-3542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dp","tag-differential-privacy","tag-feb-12-2024","tag-feb-2-2024","tag-mar-15-2024"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3542"}],"version-history":[{"count":144,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3999,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542\/revisions\/3999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}