{"id":2034,"date":"2023-07-22T09:14:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T00:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/?p=2034"},"modified":"2023-08-23T12:49:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T03:49:59","slug":"review-a-game-theoretic-taxonomy-and-survey-of-defensive-deception-for-cybersecurity-and-privacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/2023\/07\/review-a-game-theoretic-taxonomy-and-survey-of-defensive-deception-for-cybersecurity-and-privacy\/","title":{"rendered":"[review #2] A Game-theoretic Taxonomy and Survey of Defensive Deception for Cybersecurity and Privacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">[A Game-theoretic Taxonomy and Survey of Defensive Deception for Cybersecurity and Privacy]\n\n<strong>1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong>\n1.1 Deception Across Disciplines\n1.2 Cybersecurity and Privacy\n1.3 Defensive Deception\n1.4 Game-Theoretic Taxonomy\n1.5 Contributions and Related Work\n\n<strong>2. REVIEW OF GAME-THEORETIC MODELS<\/strong>\n2.1 Stakelberg Game\n2.2 Nash Game\n2.3 Signaling Game\n2.4 the others\n- [review #3] Game Theory | Types of Interactions, Equilibrium Concepts\n\n<strong>3. LITERATURE SURVEY<\/strong>\n3.1 Perturbation\n3.2 Moving Target Defense\n3.3 Obfuscation\n3.4 Mixing\n3.5 Honey-X\n3.6 Attacker Engagement\n[review #4] Game Theory survey\n+ Defensive deception techniques: Deceptive network flow, Honeywebs, crafted bait information\n\n<strong>4. TAXONOMY<\/strong>\n\n<strong>5. References<\/strong>\n- J. Pawlick, E. Colbert, and Q. Zhu, \u201cA game-theoretic taxonomy and survey of defensive deception for cybersecurity and privacy\"\n- Hazra, T.; Anjaria, K. \"Applications of game theory in deep learning: A survey\"\n- wikipedia.org<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:var(--book-reviews-highlight)\" class=\"has-inline-color\">J. Pawlick, E. Colbert, and Q. Zhu, \u201cA game-theoretic taxonomy and survey of defensive deception for cybersecurity and privacy&#8221;<\/mark><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubc0f \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac8c\uc784\uc774\ub860 \ubd84\ub958\u2219\uc870\uc0ac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when we are able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must appear inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.\u201d\u2014Sun Tzu, The Art of War<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 Deception Across Disciplines<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>1.1.1 \uad70\uc0ac \uc751\uc6a9(Military Applications)<br>1.1.2 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \ubc94\uc8c4\ud559(Psychology and Criminology)<br>1.1.3 \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548(Cybersecurity)<br>1.1.4 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638(Privacy Advocacy)<br>1.1.5 \ud589\ub3d9 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559(Behavioral Economics)<br>1.1.6 \uacbd\uc81c \uc2dc\uc7a5(Economic Markets)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 Cybersecurity and Privacy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Mirai botnet\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 attack vectors\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc778\ud130\ub137(IoT) \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubb34\uae30\ub85c \ubc14\uafc0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc778\ub2e4.<br>\ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 IoT \uc7a5\uce58\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; \ubbfc\uac10 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc218\uc9d1(w\/ \uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\ud3f0, \uc6e8\uc5b4\ub7ec\ube14 \uc804\uc790\uae30\uae30): \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uae30\ubd84, \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 \uc218\uc900, \uc131\uaca9 \uc720\ud615, \uc591\uadf9\uc131 \uc7a5\uc560, \uc778\uad6c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ub4f1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uacf5\uaca9 \ubca1\ud130(attack vectors): IT \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uce68\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc548\uc744 \uc190\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uacbd\ub85c, \ubc29\ubc95 \ub610\ub294 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 Defensive Deception<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Firewalls, cryptography, and role-based access control\ub294 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc804\ub7b5\uc758 \ud544\uc218 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548\uc774\ub098 \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc704\ud611\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc5ed\ud560 \uae30\ubc18 \uc811\uadfc \uc81c\uc5b4(RBAC, Role-based access control): \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ubcf4\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc811\uadfc\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \ubc29\ubc95<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To deceive \\(\\overset{\\underset{\\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\\) to intentionally cause another person to acquire or continue to have a false belief, or to be prevented from acquiring or cease to have a true belief.<br>\uc18d\uc784\uc218: \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \uac16\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ubc1c\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \uc5bb\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac83<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubc0f \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \uc801\uc6a9\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uacfc \uc77c\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098, \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc758 \ud3ed\uc740 \uadf8 \uae4a\uc774\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\u2192 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub354 \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \ud574\uc0c1\ub3c4 \uc815\uc758\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.4 Game-Theoretic Taxonomy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;What are the various types of deception?&#8221;<br>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc751\uc6a9 \ubd84\uc57c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uce68\uc785 \ud0d0\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c, intrusion detection systems (Alpcan and Basar 2003)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc801\ub300\uc801 \uae30\uacc4 \ud559\uc2b5, adversarial machine learning (Zhang and Zhu 2015)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud1b5\uc2e0 \ubc29\ud574, communications jamming (Basar 1983)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.5 Contributions and Related Work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>3-1) moving target defense, perturbation, mixing, obfuscation, honey-x and attacker engagement\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>3-2) how the game-theoretic concepts of private information, actors, actions, and duration capture the essential differences between types of deception<br>\uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4, \ud589\uc704\uc790, \ud589\ub3d9, \uc9c0\uc18d \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \uc720\ud615 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Defensive Deception for Cybersecurity and Privacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67-1024x315.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2044\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67-1024x315.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67-300x92.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67-768x236.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67-1536x472.png 1536w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-67.png 1562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fig. 1. \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \ub17c\uc758 &#8211; \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac \uc124\uba85 &#8211; \uac01 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\ubc95 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc81c\uc678 \ud56d\ubaa9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ubcf4\uc548\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \uad00\ub828 \ub17c\ubb38 (e.g., (Pita et al. 2008; Shieh et al. 2012), etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc545\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\uc640 \uc644\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc5b4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. REVIEW OF GAME-THEORETIC MODELS<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubc0f \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860 \ubaa8\ub378 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>&#8211; Stackelberg, Nash, signaling games<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-68-1024x492.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2046\" width=\"512\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-68-1024x492.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-68-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-68-768x369.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-68.png 1316w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Fig. 2. Stackelberg games\uc740 leader L\uacfc follower F\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>L\uc740 \uc561\uc158 \\(a_L\\)\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uace0 F\ub294 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5 \\(BR_F(a_L)\\)\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>L\uc740 \\(a_L\\)\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c \uc774 \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Stackelberg Game<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860 \ubaa8\ub378<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Players<\/strong>: P = {L, F}, where L is a leader and F is a follower.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actions<\/strong>: The actions for player L are given by \\(a_L \\in \\mathcal{A_L}\\). Figure 2 shows a 2 \u00d7 2 game in which \\(\\mathcal{A}\\) = {u,d}, and u denotes moving up, while d denotes moving down. Player F has actions \\(a_F \\in \\mathcal{A_F}\\) = {t, b}, where t denotes top and b denotes bottom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Utilities<\/strong>: After both players move, L receives utility \\(U_L(a_L,a_F)\\), and F receives utility \\(U_F (a_L,a_F)\\).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>leader\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uad00\ucc30\ud558\uace0 follower\uac00 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc778\ub2e4.<br>\uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uac00 \ubc29\uc5b4\uc790\uac00 \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uad00\ucc30\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubc18\uc751\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \uac00\uc815 \u2192 \ubc29\uc5b4\uc790: L, \uacf5\uaca9\uc790: F\ub85c \uc124\uc815<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>backwards in time, \\(\\mathcal{P(S)}\\): set S\uc758 power set\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8<br>\\(BR_F: \\mathcal{A_L \u2192 P(A_F)}\\): leader\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 follower\uc758 best response function\uc744 \uc815\uc758<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69-1024x487.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2050\" width=\"512\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69-1024x487.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69-768x366.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69-1536x731.png 1536w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-69.png 1542w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Fig. 3. Nash games: \uc0ac\uc804 \uc57d\uc18d\uacfc\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9<br>\uc810\uc120: V\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 W\ub294 \ubaa8\ub984, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub178\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(BR_F(a_L)\\): \\(a_L\\)\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \\(a_F\\)\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(BR_F(a_L) = \\underset{a_F \\in \\mathcal{A_F}}{\\text{arg max}}U_F(a_L, a_F)\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F&#8217;s best response\ub97c \uc608\uc0c1\ud558\ub85c, L\uc740 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9 \\(a_L^{*}\\)\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(a_L^{*} = \\underset{a_L \\in \\mathcal{A_L}}{\\text{arg max}}U_L(a_L, BR_F(a_L))\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, in equilibrium, the players\u2019 actions are \\((a_L^{*}, a_F^{*})\\), where \\(a_F^{*} \u2208 BR_F(a_L^{*})\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Nash Game<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stackelberg games: players move at different times<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nash games: players move simultaneously, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \uc54c\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0 \uc804\ub150\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc57d\uc18d(prior commitment) \uac8c\uc784<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac01 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(BR_V : \\mathcal{A_W} \u2192 \\mathcal{P(A_V)}\\): \\(BR_V(a_W)\\)\uac00 W\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9 \\(a_W\\)\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc751\ud558\ub294 V\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc815\uc758(\\(BR_W\\)\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc77c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>pure strategy Nash equilibrium is given by a pair \\((a_V^{*}, a_W^{*})\\) such that<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(a_V^{*} \\in BR_V(a_W^{*})\\),<br>\\(a_W^{*} \\in BR_W(a_V^{*})\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub0b4\uc26c \ud3c9\ud615\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\uac00 \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc774 \uc804\ub7b5\ub4e4\uc740 \ud63c\ud569 \uc804\ub7b5(mixed strategies)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mixed strategies implement the basic idea of random- izing allocations of defense assets to avoid leaving vulnerabilities open to an attacker.<br>\ud63c\ud569 \uc804\ub7b5\uc740 \ucde8\uc57d\uc810\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ubc29\uc5b4 \uc790\uc0b0\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ud560\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 Signaling Game<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Signaling games, are two-player dynamic interactions (like Stackelberg games)<br>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c sender S\uc640 receiver R\ub85c \ubd84\ub958<br>sender&#8217;s type \u03b8 \u2208 \u0398: (\ubc1c\uc2e0\uc790\uc758 \uc720\ud615) \ubc1c\uc2e0\uc790(sender)\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0\uc790(receiver)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc218\uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ubc1c\uc2e0\uc790\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc720\ud615\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uae30\uc5d0, \ubc1c\uc2e0\uc790 \ud589\ub3d9(\\(a_S\\))\uc744 message\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4.<br>message\ub294 sender&#8217;s type\uacfc \uc77c\uce58\ud560 \ud544\uc694\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70-1024x379.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70-1024x379.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70-768x285.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70-1536x569.png 1536w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-70.png 2024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fig. 4. \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc1a1\uc2e0\uc790 S\uac00 \uc218\uc2e0\uc790 R\uc5d0\uac8c \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 signaling game\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<br>\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub294 \uac80\uc99d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, R\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 separating and partially separating equilibria\uc5d0\uc11c, S\uac00 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c sender\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 incentive\uc640 \ud638\ud658\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc740 \\(\\Theta\\) = {\\(\\theta_B, \\theta_M\\)}\uc774\uace0, \\(\\theta_B\\)\ub294 benign sender, \\(\\theta_M\\)\uc740 malicious sender\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.<br>\\(p(\\theta)\\)\ub294 S\uac00 \uac01 \uc720\ud615 \u03b8 \u2208 \u0398\uc744 \uac16\ub294 prior probability\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4.(type\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c utility function\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\\(U_S^M(a_S, a_R)\\)\uc640 \\(U_S^B(a_S, a_R)\\)\ub294 \uac01\uac01 malicious senders\uc640 benign senders\ub97c \uc704\ud55c utility function\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\\(U_R(\\theta, a_S, a_R)\\): S\uc758 \uc720\ud615\uc774 \u03b8, sender\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \\(a_S\\), follower\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc774 \\(a_R\\)\uc77c \ub54c receiver\uc758 utility function\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R: \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 \\(a_S \\in \\mathcal{A_S}\\)\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c S\uac00 \u03b8 \uc720\ud615\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c \\(\\gamma(\\theta | a_S)\\)\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc77c\uad00\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, Bayes&#8217; law\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c belief\uac00 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<br>S\uc640 R\uc774 \uc77c\uad00\ub41c \ubbff\uc74c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 utility\ub97c \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud558\ub294 strategy pair\uc740 perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium(PBNE)\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.<br>\uc77c\ubd80 PBNE\uc5d0\uc11c, S\ub294 R\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c false belief\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 the others<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/2023\/08\/paper-review-3-applications-of-game-theory-in-deep-learning-a-survey\/\">[review #3] Game Theory | Types of Interactions, Equilibrium Concepts<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. LITERATURE SURVEY<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Perturbation, Moving Target Defense, Obfuscation, Mixing, Honey-X, Attacker Engagement \uad00\ub828 \ub17c\ubb38 \ubd84\uc11d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/2023\/08\/paper-review-4-game-theory-survey\/\">[review #4] Game Theory survey<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>+ \ucd94\uac00 \uac1c\ub150<br>Defensive deception techniques: Deceptive network flow, Honeywebs, crafted bait information<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. TAXONOMY<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(Section 3) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub97c \uc5ec\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958: \uc12d\ub3d9, \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uc801 \ubc29\uc5b4, \ub09c\ub3c5\ud654, \ud63c\ud569, \ud5c8\ub2c8-x, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790 \uad50\uc804.<br>(Section 4) \uc5ec\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0, \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac01 \uc720\ud615\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\ubc95\uc744 \uad6c\uc131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 noise \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubbfc\uac10\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc720\ucd9c\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \uc12d\ub3d9(perturbation)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4(Section 3.1).<br>(2) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uc790\uc0b0 \ubc0f \ubc29\uc5b4 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ud654 \ubc0f \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790 \uc815\ucc30\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uc801 \ubc29\uc5b4(moving target defense, MTD)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4 (Section 3.2).<br>(3) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc790\uc0b0(real assets)\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ubbf8\ub07c \ub300\uc0c1(decoy targets)\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uc758 \ub178\ub825\uacfc \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ub0ad\ube44\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc4f8\ubaa8\uc5c6\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uacf5\uac1c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc0ac\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub09c\ub3c5\ud654(Obfuscation)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4 (Section 3.3).<br>(4) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc131\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud63c\ud569 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc640 \ud63c\ud569 \uad6c\uc5ed\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad50\ud658 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218 \ud63c\ud569(mixing)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4 (Section 3.4).<br>(5) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uadc0\uc911\ud55c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc790\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uc7a5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\ub97c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c(such as honeypots)\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. honeyhets, honey-users \ub4f1\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub97c honex-x(Section 3.5)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4.<br>(6) \uc18d\uc784\uc218\ub294 \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uace0, \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ub0ad\ube44\ud558\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\uc790 \uad50\uc804(attacker engagement)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4 (Section 3.6).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-1024x469.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2196\" width=\"768\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-1024x469.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-768x352.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-1536x704.png 1536w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-80-2048x938.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Table2. Infimae Species and Definition<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-81-1024x313.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2197\" width=\"512\" height=\"157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-81-1024x313.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-81-300x92.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-81-768x235.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-81.png 1210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-82-1024x523.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2219\" width=\"768\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-82-1024x523.png 1024w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-82-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-82-768x392.png 768w, https:\/\/saraheee.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-82.png 1460w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Fig. 20. \uacc4\uce35\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacb9\uccd0\uc9c4 \uc720\ub9dd\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ubd84\ub958\ud559.<br>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ube44\ubc00\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \uc9d1\uc911\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ub3d9\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc18d\uc784\uc218(i.e., moving target defense)\ub294 \ud63c\ud569 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ube44\ud611\uc870\uc801(non-cooperative)\uc774\uace0 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4(complete-information)\uc778 two-player game\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<br>\uac01 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ub300\uccb4 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud750\ub9bf\ud55c \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. References<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>J. Pawlick, E. Colbert, and Q. Zhu, \u201cA game-theoretic taxonomy and survey of defensive deception for cybersecurity and privacy,\u201d ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1\u201328, 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hazra, T.; Anjaria, K. Applications of game theory in deep learning: A survey.&nbsp;Multimed. Tools Appl.&nbsp;2022,&nbsp;81, 8963\u20138994.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reza Shokri. 2015. Privacy games: Optimal user-centric data obfuscation. Proc. Priv. Enhanc. Technol. 2 (2015), 299\u2013315. George Theodorakopoulos, Reza Shokri, Carmela Troncoso, Jean-Pierre Hubaux, and Jean-Yves Le Boudec. 2014. Prolong- ing the hide-and-seek game: Optimal trajectory privacy for location-based services. In Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society. 73\u201382.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quanyan Zhu and Tamer Ba\u015far. 2013. Game-theoretic approach to feedback-driven multi-stage moving target defense. In Decision and Game Theory for Security. Springer, 246\u2013263.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thomas E. Carroll and Daniel Grosu. 2011. A game theoretic investigation of deception in network security. Secur. Commun. Nets. 4, 10 (2011), 1162\u20131172.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Michela Chessa, Jens Grossklags, and Patrick Loiseau. 2015. A game-theoretic study on non-monetary incentives in data analytics projects with privacy implications. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium. 90\u2013104.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karel Hor\u00e1k, Quanyan Zhu, and Branislav Bo\u0161ansk\u00fd. 2017. Manipulating adversary\u2019s belief: A dynamic game approach to deception by design in network security. In Decision and Game Theory for Security. Springer, 273\u2013294.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chang-Koo Chi, (28\/50) Game Theory and Applications 8 \u2013 \bRandom events and incomplete information, Jul 10, 2020,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/b-AA4E2cqmM\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/b-AA4E2cqmM<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Categorize the game theory of defensive deception for cybersecurity and privacy, and review papers that investigate it.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[122,4,116,118,11],"class_list":["post-2034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paper-review","tag-defensive-deception","tag-game-theory","tag-jul-22-2023","tag-survey","tag-taxonomy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2034"}],"version-history":[{"count":206,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4545,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions\/4545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saraheee.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}